Pre-Fabrication (Shop Fabrication): This involves building pipe “spools” in a controlled workshop environment. Spools are pipe segments including fittings, flanges, valves, etc., welded and assembled before being transported to the site.
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Piping Pre-Fabrication,Erection & Welding
After fabrication
these spools are erected / installed on site. This includes aligning, lifting, and fixing pipe spools, supports, and hangers.
Welding is done according to approved procedures (WPS), and welders must be qualified.
After fabrication and erection, welding joints typically undergo NDT (Non-Destructive Testing), pressure testing
Key Standards & Specifications
Some commonly referenced standards for piping fabrication, erection, and welding
ASME B31.3: Process Piping is frequently referenced in piping fabrication specs.
ASME Section IX: For welding procedure qualification and welder qualification.
Fabrication specs often include details like root gaps, weld preparation (beveling), pre-heating, post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), etc.